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Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA): Federal law governing the interception and storage of electronic communications. Must be considered when defining backup retention periods for electronic communications data.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX): Federal legislation requiring retention of business records, including electronic records and communications, for specific periods. Particularly important for financial records retention.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): Federal law requiring specific retention periods and security measures for medical and health-related data backups. Required if handling protected health information.

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP): Particularly Rule 37(e), which addresses electronically stored information and sets expectations for data preservation in potential litigation contexts.

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA): Federal law requiring financial institutions to explain their information-sharing practices and protect sensitive data. Influences backup retention requirements for financial data.

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS): Industry regulation for organizations handling credit card information, specifying requirements for secure data storage and retention.

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA): Federal law protecting the privacy of student education records, including requirements for data retention and protection in educational institutions.

State Data Breach Notification Laws: Various state-specific requirements for data protection and notification procedures in case of data breaches, affecting backup retention strategies.

California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA): State-specific data protection regulation with specific requirements for data retention, consumer rights, and data protection measures.

NIST Guidelines: National Institute of Standards and Technology frameworks providing best practices for data backup, retention, and security measures.