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Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992: Primary legislation governing rights and liabilities under bills of lading, including transfer of rights and defining who can sue under a bill of lading

Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971: Incorporates the Hague-Visby Rules into English law, establishing carrier's duties, liabilities, and setting limitation periods and amounts

Sale of Goods Act 1979: Addresses documents of title aspects and transfer of property in goods relevant to bills of lading

Hague-Visby Rules: International convention establishing mandatory rules for international carriage, including carrier's obligations, limitations, package limitations, and time bar provisions

Hamburg Rules: International convention that may be relevant if contract involves Hamburg Rules jurisdiction, though UK is not a signatory

Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999: Legislation governing third party rights under the contract in relation to bills of lading

Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977: Legislation controlling limitation of liability clauses and establishing reasonableness test for contract terms

Common Law Principles: General contract law principles and maritime law precedents established through case law in England and Wales